Encyclopedia of Marine Life

Marine Species

1. Marine Mammals

Warm-blooded animals that breathe air and nurse their young.
Behavior and Communication: Echolocation in dolphins and whales, social structures in pods.
Migration Patterns: Long-distance journeys of whales and sea lions.
Conservation Status: Threats from hunting, climate change, and ship strikes.

Whales

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Blue Whale

(Balaenoptera musculus) –

Largest animal on Earth, growing up to 100 feet long.

humpback whale image

Humpback Whale

(Megaptera novaeangliae) –

Known for its complex songs and acrobatic breaches.

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Sperm Whale

(Physeter macrocephalus) –

Deepest diving whale, reaching depths of 3,280 feet (1,000 meters) .

Dolphines & Porpoises

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Bottlenose Dolphin

(Tursiops truncatus) –

Highly intelligent and social, often seen in groups called pods.

Dolphine image

Orca

(Killer Whale) (Orcinus orca) –

Apex predator known for complex hunting strategies.

Dolphine image

Harbor Porpoise

(Phocoena phocoena) –

A small, shy marine mammal found in coastal waters

Seals , SealLion and Walruses

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California Sea Lion

(Zalophus californianus) –

Playful and agile swimmers, often seen basking on rocks.

Beach image

Harbor Seal

(Phoca vitulina) –

Found along coastlines in both the Atlantic and Pacific.

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Walrus

(Odobenus rosmarus) –

Recognizable by its large tusks, used for defense and breaking ice.


2. Fish

Cold-blooded vertebrates that breathe through gills.

Cartilaginous Fish (Sharks & Rays)

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Great White Shark

(Carcharodon carcharias) –

One of the ocean’s top predators.

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Whale Shark

(Rhincodon typus) –

The largest fish, growing over 40 feet long but feeding on plankton.

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Manta Ray

(Manta birostris) –

A giant, graceful ray with a wingspan of up to 29 feet.

Bony Fish

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Clownfish

(Amphiprioninae) –

Known for their symbiotic relationship with sea anemones

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Anglerfish

(Lophiiformes) –

Deep-sea fish with a bioluminescent lure to attract prey.

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Swordfish

(Xiphias gladius) –

A fast swimmer with a long, sword-like bill used for hunting.


3. Marine Reptiles

Cold-blooded creatures that lay eggs or give birth in water.

Amphibians

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Marine Iguana

(Amblyrhynchus cristatus) –

Found only in the Galápagos, it dives underwater to feed on algae.

Beach image

Leatherback Sea Turtle

(Dermochelys coriacea) –

The largest sea turtle, with a soft, leathery shell.

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Green Sea Turtle

(Chelonia mydas) –

Herbivorous, known for long migrations between feeding and nesting sites.


4. Marine Invertebrates

Animals without a backbone, making up the majority of marine species.

Cephalopods (Octopuses, Squids, & Cuttlefish)

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Giant Squid

(Architeuthis dux) –

Can reach over 40 feet long, rarely seen alive.

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Mimic Octopus

(Thaumoctopus mimicus) –

Can imitate other sea creatures to avoid predators.

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Vampire Squid

(Vampyroteuthis infernalis) –

Deep-sea species that uses bioluminescence for defense.

Crustaceans (Crabs, Lobsters, Shrimp)

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Japanese Spider Crab

(Macrocheira kaempferi) –

Has the longest leg span of any arthropod (12 feet).

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Pistol Shrimp

(Alpheidae) –

Creates a shockwave with its claw strong enough to stun prey.

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Coconut Crab

(Birgus latro) –

The world’s largest terrestrial crab, capable of cracking coconuts.

Cnidarians (Jellyfish, Corals, & Anemones)

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Box Jellyfish

(Chironex fleckeri) –

One of the most venomous marine animals.

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Portuguese Man o’ War

(Physalia physalis) –

A colony of specialized polyps, often mistaken for a jellyfish.

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Great Barrier Reef Corals –

(Reef Corals) -

The largest coral reef system, home to thousands of marine species.


5. Microscopic Marine Life

The foundation of the ocean’s food chain.

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Phytoplankton –

Microscopic algae that produce over 50% of Earth's oxygen.

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Zooplankton –

Tiny marine animals, including copepods and krill, that feed larger species.

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Foraminifera –

Single-celled organisms with shells, used in climate studies.


6. Deep-sea Creatures

Adapted to survive in extreme depths and darkness.

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Gulper Eel

(Eurypharynx pelecanoides) –

Has a huge mouth that can expand to swallow large prey.

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Dumbo Octopus

(Grimpoteuthis) –

Named after its ear-like fins, found in deep-sea environments.

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Fangtooth Fish

(Anoplogaster cornuta) –

Has disproportionately large teeth for its small body.